题禅院
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唐代]：杜牧
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觥船一棹百分空，十岁青春不负公。
今日鬓丝禅榻畔，茶烟轻飏落花风。
题禅院译文及注释
译文
整条酒船给喝个精光，十年的青春岁月，总算没有虚度。
今日，我两鬓银丝，躺在寺院的禅床上，风吹落花，茶烟在风中轻轻飘飏。
注释
诗题一作《醉后题僧院》。禅院：寺院。
“觥（gōng）船”句：化用毕卓典故，据《晋书·毕卓传》：”得酒满数百斛船，四时甘味置两头，右手持酒杯，左手持蟹螯，拍浮酒船中，便足了一生矣。”觥，酒杯。觥船即载满酒的船。棹，船桨。
公：指酒神。
禅榻：禅床，僧人打坐用的床具。
飏（yáng）：飘。
题禅院创作背景
这首诗写诗人恬淡闲适的生活情趣，当是作者晚年时在禅寺修养时有感而作。
参考资料：
1、陈光．杜牧诗赏读：线装书局，2007：166-167
题禅院鉴赏
前两句写诗人年轻时落拓不羁、以酒为伴的潇洒生涯。诗人暗用毕卓的典故，说自己十多年来，常常乘着扁舟载着美酒，自由自在地泛舟漂流，在酒的世界里如同毕卓那样，忘忧忘返，觉得万事皆空。用十年的青春岁月来与酒相伴，真算得上不辜负酒神。这里的“觥”、“公”同音双关，由“觥”到“公”的转换见出诗人对酒的赞颂，酒以其忘忧解忧而成了诗人的友人、恩人。由此也暗寓着诗人在多年来郁郁不得志、借酒浇愁的真实生活状态。
后两句表现出一种洞悉世情的洒脱。诗人如今已经两鬓斑白了，斜卧在禅床边，品着僧人献上的清茶，见煮茶的袅袅轻烟盘旋在微风中，此刻的闲情与安逸惬意飘然。可能是诗人借清茶一杯以消酒渴，也可能是晚年因体衰而不能多饮聊且以茶代酒，或是因茶而思酒，但这两句所透露出来的清幽境界和旷达情思，韵味深长。诗人杜牧平生留心当世之务，论政谈兵，卓有见地，然而却投闲置散，始终未能得位以施展抱负，以致大好年华只能在漫游酣饮中白白流逝，落得“今日鬃丝禅榻畔，茶烟轻扬落花风”的结果。此处“茶烟”与前面的“觥船”相应，“落花”与“青春”相应，说明一生自许甚高的诗人已经步入衰老之境，不仅施展抱负无从说起，就连酣饮漫游也不复可能，只有靠参禅品茗来消磨剩余的岁月。
全诗通过酒与茶两种境界的对比描写，深蕴着对人生的独特体悟。年轻时的风流放浪以及壮志难酬，全在“觥船”、“青春”等语句中体现出来；而今清静禅院中的“禅榻”、“茶烟”所引发的万般感慨，如同萦绕于落花风中的茶烟一样散去无踪。这首诗中包含着对年华老去时的感念与豁达、对过去青春岁月的追怀两种截然不同的情绪，全诗洒落而不见其辛酸。
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上一首：
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李商隐《
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夜饮》
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叶梦得《
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临江仙·与客湖上饮归》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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