杜鹃行
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唐代]：杜甫
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君不见昔日蜀天子，化作杜鹃似老乌。
寄巢生子不自啄，群鸟至今与哺雏。
虽同君臣有旧礼，骨肉满眼身羁孤。
业工窜伏深树里，四月五月偏号呼。
其声哀痛口流血，所诉何事常区区。
尔岂摧残始发愤，羞带羽翮伤形愚。
苍天变化谁料得，万事反覆何所无。
万事反覆何所无，岂忆当殿群臣趋。
杜鹃行创作背景
黄鹤认为此诗作于公元761年（唐肃宗上元二年）。他说：“李辅国劫迁上皇，乃上元元年七月事。此诗借物伤感，当属上元二年作。观其诗意，乃感明皇失位而作。”
参考资料：
1、仇兆鳌：《杜诗详注
2、#8203;》，中华书局，1979年10月重印
杜鹃行鉴赏
仇兆鳌《杜诗详注》：《杜鹃行》，伤旧主之孤危也，起含寓意。蜀天子，化杜鹃，怜之也。寄子代哺，蜀帝之分犹存焉。
中间八句悯杜鹃形声之哀惨。君臣旧礼，承哺雏。伏树号呼，自伤孤立也。哀声流血，承号呼。含愤包羞，备言失所也。《杜臆》：伤形愚，哀其有情而不能自达。
末四句致感慨悲痛之意。当殿群趋，遥应蜀天子。
此诗分三段。中间八句，首尾各四句。朱鹤龄注：鲍照《行路难》：“愁思忽而至，跨马出国门。举头四顾望，但见松柏荆棘郁蹲蹲。中有一鸟名杜鹃，言是古时蜀帝魂。声音哀苦鸣不息，羽毛惟悴似人髠。飞走树间逐虫蚁，岂忆往日天子尊。念此死生变化非常理，中心恻怆不能言。”此诗意所本也。
洪迈《随笔》云：明皇为辅国劫迁西内，肃宗不复定省，子美作《杜鹃行》以伤之。
黄鹤曰：上元元年七月，李辅国迁上皇，高力士及旧宫人皆不得留，寻置如仙媛于归州，出玉真公主居玉真观。上皇不怿，成疾。诗曰：“虽同君臣有旧礼，骨肉满眼身羇孤。”盖谓此也。
卢元昌曰：蜀天子，虽指望帝，实言明皇幸蜀也。禅位以后，身等寄巢矣。劫迁之时，辅国执鞚，将士拜呼，虽存君臣旧礼，而如仙、玉真一时并斥，满眼骨肉俱散矣。移居西内，父子睽离，羇孤深树也。罢元礼，流力士，彻卫兵，此摧残羽翮也。上皇不茹荤，致辟谷成疾，即哀痛发愤也。当殿群趋，至此不复可见矣。此诗托讽显然。鹤注援事证诗，确乎有据。张綖疑“羞带羽翮伤形愚”句，谓非所以喻君父，亦太泥矣。盖托物寓言，正在隐跃离合间，所谓言之者无罪也。
或疑劫迁西内，宫禁秘密，子美远游西蜀，何从遽知之？曰：蜀有节镇，国家大事，岂有不知者。故曰朝廷问府主。其以杜鹃比君，本缘望帝而寓言，非擅喻禽鸟也。
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柳宗元《
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闻黄鹂》
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陈尧佐《
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踏莎行·二社良辰》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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