忆住一师
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唐代]：李商隐
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无事经年别远公，帝城钟晓忆西峰。
炉烟消尽寒灯晦，童子开门雪满松。
忆住一师译文及注释
译
文
我无端端离开“远公”多年了，此刻长安城中清晓闻钟令我回忆起他所在的西峰佛寺来。
住一师也许还在室中煮茗读经，不觉烟炉中焚香已尽，寒灯也渐渐晦暗。外间童子见天色微明，便打开房门，不想夜来大雪，只见一片银白，门前的松树也披满雪。
注释
住一师：僧人，一作匡一师。
无事：无端。
远公：本指东晋庐山东林寺高僧惠远（一作慧远），是净土宗的初祖，此处指住一师。
帝城：指京城长安。
钟晓：即晓钟，是唐代京城长安清晨的一大特色，每天拂晓，宫中和各佛寺的钟声一齐长鸣，声震全城。
西峰：指庐山。
炉烟：亦作“ 炉烟 ”。
参考资料：
1、《唐诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1983年12月版，第1216-1217页
2、邓丹，陈芝国著．李商隐诗选读：线装书局，2007：187
3、王颖．唐诗宝鉴 至爱真情卷．陕西：陕西出版集团，陕西人民出版社，2010：28-29
忆住一师创作背景
李商隐曾于开成元年（836）奉母迁居济源（今河南境内），在济源玉阳山学道。此诗为诗人听到帝城的晓钟，怀念僧友住一而作。
参考资料：
1、邓丹，陈芝国著．李商隐诗选读：线装书局，2007：187
忆住一师鉴赏
首联点明诗题“忆”字。以净土宗的初祖慧远大师借指住一，既暗写其不凡，又表达了仰慕之情。为了合乎格律，诗人将晓钟加以倒装，以“钟晓”出之，此句写诗人听到京城的晓钟后，联想起住一所居山寺的钟声，想起久别的朋友。由于寺院的晓钟对于尘世中凡夫俗子来说，既宣告着宁静安详的结束，又预示着喧嚣熙攘的到来，往往最能打动人心，而感觉敏锐的诗人更能由此激起其内心的深层次体验，回忆起过往的相关人事，因此，本诗的“钟晓”意象也就能加入到对后世读者影响深远的唐诗钟声意象群落之中，成为唐代文学的一部分。尾联从”忆”字着笔，写两人在前一年的冬季，聚首青灯古寺，品茗吟诗，围炉夜话。以“炉烟”之“消尽”、“寒灯”之“晦”的物态变化来写夜色深晚，从时间上久写畅叙未眠之状，表达两人情谊之深。结句为一奇境宕出，写两人彻夜畅叙后清晨所见之雪景——馒天皆白，雪压松枝，好一个银色世界，好一个傲写青松。这景色不仅表现环境清绝高洁，而且还富合着住一不染一尘的高洁出世形象。
此诗构思巧妙，其一表现为以东晋高僧慧远作比，其二表现为景物烘托法运用得恰到好处，全诗除首句“别远公”外，无一语言及住一，然而“炉烟”、“寒松”、“童子”、“雪松”及山寺晓钟声中无不有其人在。
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李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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